英语语法之虚拟语气

今天给各位分享英语语法之虚拟语气的知识，其中也会对英语语法之虚拟语气进行解释，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，别忘了关注本站，现在开始吧！

本文导读目录：

1、虚拟语气全攻略，让你走出虚拟迷宫！

2、英语语法之虚拟语气

3、(超全面)虚拟语气

　　1概念 　　虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 　　如：If I were you,I should study English.如果我是你，我就学英语了。 　　May you succeed!祝您成功！ 　　2虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 　　条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。 　　⒈.真实条件句 　　如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。 　　如：If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。 　　⒉.虚拟条件句 　　如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。 　　如：If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。） 　　⒊.错综时间条件句 　　当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。 　　如：If you had followed my advice just now you would be better now. 　　If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now. 　　⒋.if省略句 　　在条件句中可以省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，变成倒装句式。 　　如：If I were at school again,I would study harder. 　　→Were I at school again,I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 　　If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus. 　　→Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 　　If it should rain tomorrow we sould not go climbing. 　　→Should it rain tomorros iwe would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 　　⒌.用介词代替条件状语从句 　　常用的介词有with,without，but for。 　　如：What would you do with a million dollars?(=if you had a nillion dollars)如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ 　　We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help(=if we hadn't got your help)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 　　Without your help we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time. 　　=But for your help,… 　　=If it had not been for your help,… 　　=Had it not been for you help,… 　　没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 　　⒍.含蓄条件句 　　有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。 　　如：I was ill that day.Otherwise, would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词） 　　He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.(连词） 　　A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句） 　　I might hawe given you nore help,but I was too busy.(连词） 　　Everything taken into consideration they would have rai sed their output quickly.(独立主格结构) 　　虚拟语气的时态 　　如果一件事情不是真实的，而是虚拟的，就用虚拟语气的形式来表达！（虚拟语气的形式，就是在真实语气的形式的基础上，加上一个did） 　　我们可以先来学习两个基本的时态，虚拟语气也是由一些基本的变化而来。 　　一般过去：“讲故事”（动作发生在过去，句子也在描述过去） 　　I watched War Wolf II in Beijing. 　　现在完成：“吹牛逼”（动作发生在过去，句子却在描述现在——别看引用了一个过去的动作，但是句子还是在描述现在的情况！！！！） 　　I have watched War Wolf II. 　　I have been to Europe. 　　I have watched 1000 books. 　　但是由于事情的真实性和虚拟性的区别，句子里出现了不同的时态、语态的变化。虚拟语气的具体形式主要有四种： 　　1 　　将来时间平台上的虚拟语气 　　I wish I would go to the moon. 　　l did + will do = would do 　　will go + did 　　= will + did + go 　　= would go2 　　现在时间平台上的虚拟语气 　　I wish (that I were a bird). 　　l did + 动词原形= 动词的过去式 　　am + did = were 　　（虚拟语气的世界里没有was）3 　　过去时间平台上的虚拟语气 　　--I went to the park yesterday.It was amazing! 　　-- I wish I had gone, too. 　　l did + 动词的过去式 = had done 　　went + did 　　= go + did + did （过去的过去） 　　= had gone （过去完成）4 　　过去将来时间平台上的虚拟语气 　　LiHui wished that he would have become the president of China when he was young. 　　would become + did 　　= will + did + become + did 　　= will + (become + did + did) 　　= will + had become 　　= will + did + have + become 　　= would have become 　　虚拟语气的相关搭配 　　I wish + 虚拟 　　How I wish... 　　If only... 　　It is high time that sb. did sth. 　　would rather 　　... 　　Eg. 　　It is high time that the childrenshould go to bed. 　　If only I had seen the film yesterday! 　　虚拟语气的相关单词 　　口诀：一坚持二命令三建议四要求+(that) + sb. + (should) do 　　insist 　　order/ command 　　advice/ suggest/ recommend/propose 　　ask/ request/ require/ demand 　　Eg. 　　I insist that you should memorize all words. 　　I insist that I am a man.（不用虚拟） 　　虚拟条件句系统学 　　（一）虚拟条件句的三大口诀 　　1.与现在事实相反： 　　条件从句谓语：过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语：should (would, could, might)+动词原形 　　2. 与过去事实相反： 　　条件从句谓语：过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语：should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词 　　3. 与将来事实相反： 　　条件从句谓语：过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语：should (would, could, might)+动词原形 　　（二）错综时间虚拟语气 　　当条件状语从句表示的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致，称之为错综时间虚拟语气。我们先来复习一下时态结构一致的情况。 　　时态结构一致： 　　If+从句（did）,主句（would do） 　　If+从句（had done）,主句（would have done） 　　If+从句（were to/did/should）,主句（would/could/should） 　　时态结构不一致 　　错综时间虚拟语气 　　If+从句（did）,主句（would do/would have done） 　　If+从句（had done）,主句（would do/would have done） 　　If+从句（were to/did/should）,主句（would do/would have done） 　　Eg. 　　If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. 　　（三）含蓄条件句 　　所谓含蓄条件句就是利用语境不直接说出条件的句子。 　　表示对过去的虚拟：情态动词 would/could/should/ought to + have done 　　表示对现在或将来的虚拟：情态动词 would/could/should/ought to + do 　　1. 不带if的含蓄条件句 　　将虚拟的条件隐藏在各种情景中。 　　1 　　不定式 　　To have studied harder, you would have passed the test. 　　=If you have studied harder, you would have passed the test.2 　　分词短语 　　Given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent. 　　= If he hade been given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.3 　　介词短语 　　We would have had a pleasant journey but for the rain. 　　= We would have had a pleasant journey if it hadn’t rained.4 　　名词短语 　　A true friendwould not have betrayed me. 　　=If he had been a true friend ,he would not have betrayed me.5 　　某些连词 　　They would have resistedbut that they lacked courage. 　　= They would have resisted if they hadn’t lacked courage.6 　　定语从句 　　Anyone whohad seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 　　=If anyone had seen that painting……7 　　上下文 　　It rained yesterday, or I would have gone camping.= If it hadn’t rained yesterday, I would have gone camping. 　　2. 省略if的含蓄条件句 　　有时会省略if，把were/had/should提到句首，变为倒装句。 　　Were I at school again, I would study harder. 　　=If I were at school again, I would study harder 　　特殊省略形式： 　　That would be fine. ( =省略了If you should do it.) 　　You might stay here forever. (=省略了 If you wanted to.) 　　I would not have done it. (=省略了 If I were you.) 　　情态动词和虚拟语气练习I.单项填空1.【2019·江苏】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。2.【2019·天津】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.A. accomplished B. had accomplishedC. would accomplish D. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。3.【2018·北京】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。4.【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。5.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。7.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。8.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A. would B. should C. could D. might【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。9.【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【答案】C【解析】A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C. can 能 D. need 需要。句意:Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。10.【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put【答案】A试题分析：句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。11.【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。12.【2017·天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t【答案】C【解析】 句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。13.【2017·天津卷】15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be【答案】B【解析】句意：--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。，根据标志词otherwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。14.【2016·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t【答案】A【解析】题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t不需要；B. mustn’t禁止；C. wouldn’t不愿；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。15.【2016·北京】34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。16.【2016·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。17.【2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t【答案】B【解析】句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。故选B。18.【2016·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。19.【2016·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen【答案】D【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气， if条件句用的had done，而且省略it，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。20.【2016·浙江】17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone【答案】C【解析】乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。21.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen【答案】D【解析】句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。22.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written【答案】D 【解析】句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。 23.【2015·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.A. must B. can C. will D. shall【答案】A 【解析】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测。故选A。 24.【2015·浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t【答案】A【解析】句意：太吵了，以致我们不能够听到我们在说什么？A的意思是不能，B的意思是不应该，C的意思是禁止，D的意思是不需要。该题用到了一个so +形容词+ that的句式，做题时应该正确理解句意及这个句式的用法。正确理解这是表达不能还是表达其他的东西。must只能用于肯定句，用于否定句表示禁止，这一点尤其要注意因为往往会出错。如果表示一种可能往往是can 的形式（过去时态使用could）25.【2015·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t【答案】C【解析】句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。26.【2015·天津】13. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been【答案】D【解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。27.【2015·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D. will【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。28.【2015·陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.A. should B. need C. shall D. may【答案】D【解析】句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。29.【2015·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced【答案】C【解析】句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。30.【2015·福建】27.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.—Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.A. must B. can C. would D. should【答案】D.【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。A.must必须B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”；could+have+done，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。该对话意思为：--对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了----噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。故选DII.语法填空1. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.【答案】be made【解析】考查情态动词表推测。be made　根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。2．When I was small, my mom ________ read me stories at night．【答案】would　【解析】句意：当我小时候，我母亲常常在晚上给我读故事。would “过去常常”，表示过去的习惯性的行为。3．The accident ________ have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we don't know for sure．【答案】might　【解析】句意：事故可能是由一条横穿马路的狗引起的，但我们不确定。分析句子可知，本句是对过去动作的推测，可能性不大，故填might。4．He looked so hungry as though he ________ (eat) a decent meal for a month．【答案】hadn't eaten　【解析】句意：他看起来如此饿好像已有一个月没有吃过一顿像样的饭了。由主句中的looked可知，as if/though后面跟过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。5．I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I ________ (keep) you waiting for such a long time．【答案】wouldn't have kept　【解析】句意：我在交通堵塞中被困了一个多小时，否则我不会让你等这么长时间。句中用了虚拟语气，otherwise说明的从句内容和过去事实相反，指如果不被交通阻塞困住，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might ＋have＋过去分词”形式。6．Although passing the driving test ________ be difficult now, it's worth the efforts．【答案】can　【解析】句意：虽然现在通过驾驶考试可能是困难的，但付出的努力是值得的。此处用can表示有时可能会，故填can。7．My mother ________ (be) angry with me, but I couldn't shut my mouth before I shouted at her!【答案】wouldn't have been　【解析】句意：我母亲本来不会对我生气的，但在我对她大叫之前，我不能闭上嘴！wouldn't have done “本来不会做某事”。8．I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness, but it ________ (cause) by eating too much．【答案】may have been caused　【解析】句意：我不能肯定狗生病的原因，但它也许是因为吃得太多了。根据前句“I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness”可知，这里为不肯定的推测，故用may have done “可能做某事”；由于dog's illness与cause之间为被动关系，故答案为may have been caused。9．—Can I pay the bill by check?—Sorry, sir． But it is the rule of our hotel that payment ________ be made in cash．【答案】shall　【解析】句意：——我可以用支票付账吗？——对不起，先生。但这是我们酒店的规定，应当以现金付款。shall可以在法律条文、规章制度中表示规定或义务等，此处是旅馆的规定。10．Passengers ________ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road．【答案】mustn't　【解析】句意：当公共汽车开动时，乘客不得与司机交谈，因为这将把他的注意力从路上转移开来。此处表示“禁止，不允许”，故用mustn't。III.短文改错1.（2018全国II卷）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. 【答案】去掉not后的to【解析】考查情态动词。would是情态动词，表意愿，后需跟动词原形，故to多余。They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.2.【2016·全国新课标II】Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.【答案】删除can或can改为should【解析】考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议的时候，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”,所以本句可以删除can或can改为should。3．He mustn't be a basketball player, because he is much too short．【答案】mustn't→can't　【解析】句意：他不可能是一个篮球运动员，因为他个子矮。表示不可能，应该是can't，表示否定的推测，而mustn't表示“禁止”。4．Robert's new book about space exploration is fantastic． You simply could read it．__________________________________________________________________【答案】could→must　【解析】句意：罗伯特写的关于太空探索的新书太好了，你一定要读一读。根据句意可知应用must，故将could改为must。5．Has he learnt about computer, we would have hired him to work here．__________________________________________________________________【答案】Has→Had　【解析】句意：如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们就聘用他来这里工作了。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had置于句首。6．If we booked a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue．__________________________________________________________________【答案】booked前加had　【解析】句意：如果早一点定位子的话，现在我们就不用站在这里排队了。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故在booked前加had。7．All of us love the weekends, because we can't get up early on Saturdays and Sundays．__________________________________________________________________【答案】can't→needn't　【解析】根据语境，表示不必，而不是不能，故将can't改为needn't。8．He might have gone to bed, for the light was out．__________________________________________________________________【答案】might→must　【解析】句意：他一定已经上床睡觉了，因为灯已经灭了。must have done表示对过去已经发生的事情的肯定推测。might have done “可能做过某事”，表示对过去已经发生的事情把握不大的推测。9．He commanded that roads built to link castles across the land．__________________________________________________________________【答案】built前加(should) be　【解析】command后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，且roads和build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故在built前加(should) be。10．We must go to the concert tonight, but we are not sure yet．__________________________________________________________________【答案】must→may　【解析】句意：我们今天晚上有可能去听音乐会，但是还不确定。must表示肯定的猜测，而may “可能会”表示把握不大的推测。爱V高中英语温馨提示 　　因为公众号平台更改了推送规则。如果你不想错过内容，记得点下“赞”和“在看”，这样，每次新文章推送，就会第一时间出现在你的订阅号列表里了~ 　　声明：本文由爱V高中英语编排整理，素材来源网络综合整理而汇总知识，版权归属原创者所有，感谢所有原作者的辛勤付出，分享为公益如有侵权请联系删除，转载请完整备注　　虚拟语气 　　语气和时态，语态一样，是动词的一种形式，表明说话者的目的和意图。英文中有四种语气：陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气 　　一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 　　1. 条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，常用if, unless, once, as/solong as, on condition that等引导。而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生： 　　*If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气) 　　*If we leave now, we can still catch the bus. 如果我们现在动身，还能赶上公共汽车。（陈述语气） 　　*I won’t go to the party unless they invite me. 除非他们邀请我，否则我不会参加这个聚会。（陈述语气） 　　*As long as you love it, you can keep it to yourself. 只要你喜欢，就可以自己留着。（陈述语气） 　　*If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气，事实上我不是你) 　　*If the weather were fine now, we would have a picnic.如果现在天气好的话，我们就会去野餐了。（虚拟语气，事实是现在天气不好） 　　2. 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。 　　1). 与现在事实相反 　　若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could,might)+动词原形”： 　　*If I knew her number ，I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(事实是我不知道) 　　2). 与过去事实相反 　　若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could,might)+have+过去分词”： 　　*If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(事实是我过去动身太迟了) 　　3). 与将来事实相反 　　若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语动词用过去式(be通常用were)主句谓语用“should (would, could,might)+动词原形”： 　　*If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 　　注： 　　1.主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较： 　　*Ifyou tried again，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果) 　　*Ifyou tried again, you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能) 　　*Ifyou tried again，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力) 　　2.对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could,might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气： 　　*Ifit should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使语气） 　　*If I should see him, I’lltell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。（直陈语气） 　　3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 　　所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整： 　　*If it had rained last night, the ground would be wetnow. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。 　　*You would be much better now if you had taken myadvice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。 　　4. 省略 if 的条件句 　　虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时，可以将if去掉，然后把were, had, should提到主语前面，形成部分倒装。 　　*If time were to go back/Were time to go back, I wouldwork double hard.如果时光能倒流，我会加倍努力。 　　*If I had worked hard/Had I worked hard, I would havesurely succeeded.如果我当时努力学习的话，我一定会成功的。 　　*If it should be fine tomorrow/Should it be fine tomorrow, wewould go for an outing.假如明天天气好，我们就去郊游了。 　　【经济学人|海洋的深重危机】Were all the planet’s waterplaced over the United States, it would form a column of liquid 132km tall.如果将地球上所有的水都集中到美国国土之上，将形成一道132千米高的巨型水柱。 　　5. 含蓄虚拟语气 　　有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语如without, but for,otherwise, or等或上文暗示来说明，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟语气。 　　*Without electricity（=If there were noelectricity）, the world would bedark.如果没有电，世界将会一片黑暗。 　　*But for your advice（=If it hadn’t been foryour advice）, I wouldn’t have made such greatprogress.如果但是不是你的建议，我不会取得这么大的进步。 　　*With favorable winds（=If we had had favorable winds）, we might have got their in twodays.如果当时顺风的话，我哦们两天就到那里了。 　　二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 　　虚拟语气也可以出现在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中。 　　1. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 　　1). Wish后的宾语从句 　　wish后的宾语从句1. 用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况，2. 用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况，用would/could do表示与将来相反的情况。 　　*I wish I lived on the seashore.我要是住在海滨就好了。 　　*I wish you had come to the wedding.你要是来参加婚礼就好了。 　　*I wish I could know the answer to this question.我要是知道这个问题的答案就好了。 　　2). would rather后的宾语从句 　　would rather后的从句常1. 用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况，2. 用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况。 　　*I would rather you didn’t smoke.我希望你不抽烟。 　　*I would rather you told me the truth.我宁愿你对我讲真话。 　　*I’d rather you hadn’t let out the secret.我真希望你没把这个秘密泄露出去。 　　3). 表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持做”等动词后的宾语从句 　　表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持做”等动词后的宾语从句谓语常用“（should+）动词原形”。英式英语中常用should，美式英语中常直接用动词原形。常这样用的动词有insist, demand, desire,require, request, propose, suggest, advise, command, order, recommend等。 　　*I suggest you (should) have enough sleep. 我建议你睡足觉。 　　*My parents advise I (should) not watch too much TV.我父母劝我不要看太多的电视。 　　*I recommend that everyone (should) attend the party.我提议大家都参加这次聚会。 　　*We request Roger (should) sing another song. 我们要求罗杰再唱一首歌。 　　注： 　　1.suggest意为“暗示，表明”，从句中应用陈述语气。 　　*Thesmile on his face suggested that he agreed on this plan.他脸上的微笑表明他同意这项计划。 　　2.insist表示坚持说应该做某事的时候用虚拟语气，也就是从句谓语是（should) do *He insisted that he should be treated fairly.他坚持自己应该被公平对待。insist表示坚持说已发生的事，强调的确是这样的，不用虚拟 　　*Theboy insisted that he hadn’t broken the window.男孩坚持说他没打碎窗户。 　　2. 主语从句中的虚拟语气（it做形式主语的主语从句） 　　在以下三种结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。（需要特别记一下这些形容词） 　　1). It is/was important (necessary, appropriate,proper, essential, vital, right) that… 　　*It is important that we (should) think before wedecide.三思而后行是非常重要的。 　　*It is necessary that you (should) take plenty ofexercise every day.每天进行大量的锻炼是必要的。 　　*It is vital to your health that you (should) takethis medicine.吃这种药对你的身体健康很重要。 　　2). It is/wasunnatural (unthinkable, strange, surprising, a surprise) that… 　　*It is strange that he (should) be so rude. 真奇怪，他竟然这么粗鲁。 　　*It is surprising that you (should) react so quickly.你竟然反应这么快，真令人惊讶。 　　*It is unthinkable that you (should) make such amistake.你竟然犯这样的错误，真是不可思议。 　　3. 表语从句中的虚拟语气 　　1). as if, as though（都是“好像”的意思）引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气 　　as if, as though引导的表语从句中，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 　　*It looks as if he were drunk.他看上去好像喝醉了。 　　*The pencil seems as though it were broken when it ispartly put in the water.当把铅笔的一部分放入水中时，它看上去好像断了。 　　*The material feels as if it were cotton.这种材料摸上去好像是棉质的。 　　注： 　　asif, as though也可引导表示事实或很可能是事实的从句。 　　Itlooks as if it is going to rain.仿佛要下雨。（可能真的马上就要下雨） 　　Itseems as if the boy has lost his way.这个男孩好像迷路了。（男孩可能真迷路了） 　　2). 主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、主张”等意义的名词时 　　当句子的主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、主张”的名词，如suggestion, proposal, advice, demand,order, requirement, decision等，其后的表语从句谓语常用“（should+）动词原形”结构。 　　*Our decision is that the meeting (should) be put off.我们的决定是推迟会议。 　　*My suggestion is that we (should) walk home insteadof taking a taxi.我的建议时走着回去，不坐出租车。 　　*The requirement is that every student (should) donateone or two books.要求每一位学生捐一至两本书。 　　4. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 　　1). 用于as if, as though引导的方式状语从句中 　　as if, as though引导状语从句有时也可表示与事实相反的情况。一般从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 　　*He speaks English as if he had learned it inEnglish-speaking countries.他的英语讲得就像在英国的国家学过似的。 　　*They talked as if they had met before.他们交谈着好像以前见过面似的。 　　2). 用于目的状语从句中（非重点，不常用） 　　引导这类目的状语从句的短语为in order that, so that, for fearthat, in case, lest（以免、免得）等，从句中谓语常用“should（may, might, can, could, would等）+动词原形”，但最常用的是（should）+动词原形，should经常去掉。 　　*He raised his hand up so that he could be seen.他高高地举起手以便人们能看见他。 　　*He left early in order that the children would not bealone in the house.他早早地离开了以免孩子们单独待在家里。 　　*Bring some money in case you might use it later.带一些钱，以备后用。 　　三、虚拟语气的其他用法 　　1. 表示祝愿 　　在一些表示祝愿的话语中也可找到虚拟语气（多用动词原形）。 　　*Long live peace! 和平万岁！ 　　*May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！ 　　2. It is (about/high) time that…句型 　　在这一句型后的从句中要使用虚拟语气。从句通常用一般过去时，或者“should+动词原形”形式做谓语。这里的should不可以省略。 　　*It is time we started off（=we should start off）. 我们该出发了。 　　*It is high time we had a rest（we should have a rest）.我们早该休息了。 　　*It is time that you made up your mind（you should make up yourmind）.你早该休息了。 　　*It is high time you got a job and set up home（you should get a job andset up home）. 你早该找份工作、安个家了。 　　3. if only句型 　　If only表示“要是……就好了”，其后虚拟语气的用法与wish后的用法相同。 　　*If only I were younger. 我要是年轻一些就好了。 　　*If only she would listen to me carefully.但愿她能仔细听我讲话。 　　*If only I had written his phone number. 如果我记下他的电话就好了。 　　转自：外刊精读笔记　　众所周知，虚拟语气在英语学习中史比较重要，但是比较难懂的一个部分，那么，今天我就梳理一下虚拟语气。 　　虚拟语气: 是指说出来的话并不是实际发生了的事情，而是说话的人对某件事的一种假设、推测或者是愿望，它与实际发生的事可能是完全不一样的。 　　而且虚拟语气在状语从句，宾语从句，表语从句或者同位语从句中都可以使用，下面我们就一一来看一下。 　　(注:从句表示条件，主句表示目的) 　　1.表示与现在事实相反的条件句: 　　从句:if +主语+动词的过去时(were) 　　主句: 主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形 　　例子: If I had the time, I would attend your birthday party. 　　2.表示与过去事实相反的条件句: 　　从句: if +主语+had+动词的过去分词 　　主句: 主语+ would/could/should/might + have + 动词的过去分词 　　例: If I had hurried, I would have caught the bus.(如果我匆忙一点，我就可以赶上公交车了) 　　3.表示与未来事实相反的条件句(使用较少) 　　从句: if+主语+动词过去式 / if +主语+were to+动词原形 / if+主语+should +动词原形 　　主句: 主语+would/could/should/might+动词原形(与第一个现实相反的那个是一样的) 　　例:If I were to go abroad, I would go to America. 　　在if引导的虚拟条件句中，有时可以将if省略，这时我们就要把had/should/were等助动词提到主语的前面去，主句不变。 　　例子: 　　①原:If she were younger, she would do it. 省:Were she younger, she would do it. 　　②原:If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 省:Had you come earlier,you would have met hin. 　　在条件句中，我们可能会遇到主从句时间不一致的情况，这个时候的虚拟语气就稍微有点复杂了。 　　下面看例子: 　　If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. 　　这里的从句使用的是过去时，按理来说这个句子是与过去事实相反，主句应该使用would have been better,但是这里的主句有一个很直接的表示时态的词:now，表示现在，所以这里的主句要特殊考虑，采用的是与现在事实相反时的主句的表达。 　　(总之，就是，如果主句动作与从句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式就应该根据它所表示的时间来进行调整) 　　有时候条件句没有用if来引导， 而是用介词短语(without,or,but for,otherwise)，上下文或者其他方式来表示，这时我们就需要自己判断这个就是虚拟语气。 　　1.表示与现在事实相反或者对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语动词用过去时。 例子:He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 　　2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 例子: He spoken as if he had known about it. 　　3.表示与将来事实相反(将来发生的可能性不大)，用would /might / could +动词原形。例子:He acts as if he could win in the game. 　　通常表示:以防，以免的意思。 　　谓语动词 多用:should/could/might+动词原形构成。 例子:For fear that it may rain tomorrow,we should bring an umbrella.(以防明天下雨，我们要带一把伞去） 　　例子:Supposing that it rained, we shouldn't go out(假如下雨，我们就不出去了) 　　1.对现在情况的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时或过去进行时。 例子:I wish that I were a bird. 　　2.对过去情况的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时或者would/ could/ might+动词原形。 例子:I wish that I had seen the movie last night. 　　3.对将来情况的虚拟，从句谓语用would/should/might/could+动词原形。 例子:I wish that I would go. 　　1.表示建议的有: advice,suggest,propose,recommend. 　　2.表示要求的有: ask,desire,request,require,beg 　　3.表示决定，命令的有: decide, order 　　4.表示同意，坚持: insist 　　后面从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形(should可以省略） 　　例子:I suggest that you (should) finish your homework today. 　　①谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反。例子:I would rather you told me the truth. 　　②用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。 例子: I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 　　表达形式为: should+动词原形或者省略should 例子:It is necessary that we (should) go now. 　　常见的形容词有: necessary, important, desirable,strange,possible,natural, appropriate,advisable等 　　表示建议，命令，怀疑，惊奇，请求，道歉等。例子:It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance. 　　常见的名词有:advice,decision,desire,demand,idea, order,pity,surprise,wish,wonder, recommendation等 　　表示请求，命令，建议等名词做主语时，后面的表语从句或同位语从句用虚拟语气。 　　表现形式为:should+动词原形或者直接用动词原形。 　　例子:My idea is that we (should) consider it clearly before we accepting his suggestion. 　　这类名词通常同上。 　　其动词形式一般用一般过去时或者should+ 动词原形。 　　例: It is high time that you should go/ went to school. 　　表示:要是……多好，表达了说话人的一种愿望。 　　1.表示现在的情况，用过去时。 例:If only he didn't drive so fast! 　　2.表示过去的情况，用过去完成时。 例:Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had folled your advice. 　　3.表示将来的情况，用would+动词原形。 例:If only the rain would stop. 　　表示一种让步语气，即使……也做不成某事。 　　1.表示现在的情况，用过去式。 例:Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem. 　　2.表示过去的情况，用过去完成时。 例: Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you. 　　虚拟语气包含广，状宾主表皆涉及。 　　if状从最重要，主从时态不相同。 　　现实相反过去式，从句则用w加do。 　　过去相反过完时，从句要用w现完。 　　将来相反有点多，did were to 和should。 　　从句形式有点巧，竟和现实差不了。 　　从句倒装很简单，if省略助提前。 　　as if 要区分，现实相反用过去。 　　过去相反用过完，将来相反w加do。 　　wish hope要牢记，现在过去或过进。 　　过去又是过完时，将来依旧w加do。 　　建议命令这类词，不管动词或名词。 　　通通都使用虚拟，形式就是s加do。 　　虚拟语气形式多，if only 也用它。 　　would rather 凑热闹，加上it's that也不够。 　　（注意:w→would/might/could/should 　　s→should 过完→过去完成时 　　现完→现在完成时 do→动词原形）

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